Yes. ; Of course. ; But what electoral system isn’;噸?
這種反對意見通常產生於誰想要比例代表制人 (公關), as if proportional representation itself wasn’;t winner take all.
單表示
與單件的表示, 在這裡我們使用單件FPTP, 又名單個成員多元化 (SMP);＆NBSP;; 立即決賽投票 (IRV) (又名另類投票 (關閉));＆NBSP;; or…; whatever including single-member Ranked-Pairs — we have one seat to fill, and the candidate who ‘;wins’; gets that seat. ; 所有其他候選人得到什麼:＆NBSP;; 贏家通吃.
多種- 和比例 - 表示
與多個成員的代表，我們使用多會員FPTP, 又名多成員多元化 (基質金屬蛋白酶);＆NBSP;; 單會員可轉讓, STV, 等, or whatever…; including Multi-member Condorcet/Ranked-Pairs, and including as well proportional representation systems — we now have Ñ 座椅填補和 Ñ 誰勝出的候選人獲得這些席位, 而其他候選人得到什麼:＆NBSP;; Again — 贏家(Š)-通吃.
當我們從一個單一成員代表制到多會員制, 除非我們想增加給定的民選機構的規模, 我們必須結合一些單一成員代表性的地區, 選區, into a single new constituency. ; 選舉 Ñ representatives for a given single area we’;d combine Ñ areas. ; 所以在這一天結束, 而不是選出一名候選人 (贏家通吃) 在每個 Ñ 地區, we’;d elect Ñ 候選人 (贏家(Š) 採取一切) from the one combined area. ; 這;s the same number of winners in each case, and all equally “;winner-take-all.”;
選擇優勝者
所不同的是在我們如何選擇這些 Ñ 獲獎者.
隨著 STV (這是多成員，但不是公關) 我們選擇 Ñ “;top’; 候選人:＆NBSP;; 一旦候選人獲得足夠的票數獲勝 (which number of votes depends on how many seats we’;re filling), any votes exceeding this required minimum to win are considered “;wasted”; so these so-called excess votes are reallocated to next-preference candidates using a weighting algorithm so that “;the whole ballot”; 用於.
在此過程中，從更受歡迎的政黨這更多的候選人往往會被選, 這將有一種傾向，模樣比例代表, but since party isn’;t actually taken into account in the vote allocation it’;s not really PR, 儘管它通常被稱為該.
With PR we’;d choose the winners based on the relative percentages of party-based support:＆NBSP;; 我們投主要是為黨 (在一個開放的系統列表, 其次為黨內候選人調整自己的秩序黨名單), and then elect a number of candidates from party lists according each party’;s relative proportion of the over-all vote and the number of seats to be filled.
這帶來的結果，旨在近似正比支持各方在對所有結果 (在粒度所涉及的議席數目允許的上限), and that’;s significant for those who believe that the outcome should reflect the overall party support, 但它仍然還是贏家通吃.
兩者的最佳
混雜成員PR (MMPR) 是這些方法之間的橋.
隨著MMPR代表的一些數字被選舉為單議席選區, 而這些數字突破過通過選舉從黨名單立法機關的平衡，以達到, 考慮到單一席位選區成員以及, 黨的比例為立法機構作為一個整體 (在粒度所涉及的議席數目允許的上限).
立法機關的規模通常都將保持不變, 或近, 作為單個成員的席位數從全單員選區制轉換時降低, 剩下的餘額被選上黨名單基礎，在給定區域, 或對身體的整體.
所以，最後我們得到黨比例為那些誰關心這個, as well as single-member accountability for constituencies for those who care about that as well. ; 但所有, 但, 贏家通吃.
Condorcet/Ranked-Pairs MMPR, augments such a system so that the elections for the individual constituencies are done by Condorcet/Ranked-Pairs, rather than FPTP — 鑑於相稱的一切美德, they’;re not enough to absolve the distortion of the FPTP elections themselves.
Condorcet/Ranked-Pairs instead of FPTP, 意味著這些單個成員的代表是基於選民的真實偏好所揀選, 這, 突破過甲方偏好黨名單的選舉給過的所有比例, 可以說是提供了兩個最好的.
贏家通吃?
公關有它的優點 (和故障), 一樣的任何其他系統, but being somehow “;not winner-take-all”; is not one of these virtues. ; 通過各種手段支持PR, 如果您認為黨比例是一個更好的方式來選出你的代表, 但, 請, not because of a flaky claim that somehow it’;s not winner-take-all!
